The choice between PEX and copper piping is one
of the most common dilemmas in modern plumbing, both for homeowners and
professionals. So, who wins the preference contest among the experts who install
and repair these systems daily? The answer, like many things in plumbing, is
nuanced: PEX has surged in popularity and is often the preferred choice for most
new installations, but copper retains loyal fans and specific advantages.
Here's a breakdown of why plumbers lean one way or the other:
Why PEX is Often the #1 Choice for Modern Plumbers:
Easier & Faster Installation:
Flexibility: PEX snakes easily through walls, floors, and joists with fewer
fittings needed, reducing potential leak points. No soldering required!
Lightweight: Much easier to handle and transport than heavy copper coils or
rigid sticks.
Speed: Installation is significantly faster than soldering copper joints.
This translates to lower labor costs for homeowners and the ability for plumbers
to complete more jobs.
Fewer Specialized Tools: Primarily requires crimping or clamping tools,
rather than a soldering torch kit and fire safety precautions.
Cost-Effectiveness:
Material Cost: PEX tubing itself is generally cheaper than copper per
foot.
Labor Cost: Faster installation directly reduces labor time and cost.
Fitting Cost: While fittings are needed, the overall material package is
usually less expensive.
Freeze Resistance:
PEX is more forgiving if water freezes inside it. It can expand
significantly without bursting (though repeated freezing isn't recommended!),
whereas copper is more likely to split.
Quieter Operation: PEX dampens water hammer noise better than rigid copper
pipes.
Corrosion Resistance: Immune to the scale buildup and corrosion that can
eventually plague copper pipes, especially in areas with acidic or aggressive
water. Won't develop pinhole leaks.
Why Some Plumbers Still Value Copper:
Proven Longevity & Track Record: Copper has been used reliably for
decades. Plumbers (and homeowners) know exactly what to expect regarding its
lifespan (often 50+ years). While PEX is expected to last similarly long, its
long-term track record in widespread use is still being fully established
(though it shows excellent promise).
Heat Tolerance: Copper can withstand higher temperatures than PEX, making
it the only choice for certain high-heat applications like recirculation lines
near water heaters or connections directly to boilers (though approved manifolds
can mitigate this).
Rigidity for Exposed Runs: For exposed pipes in basements, utility rooms,
or commercial settings, many plumbers prefer the clean, professional look and
inherent rigidity of copper. It doesn't require as many support clips as
flexible PEX.
UV Resistance: Copper isn't damaged by UV light. PEX cannot be used where
exposed to direct sunlight, as it degrades. It must be shielded.
Fire Performance: Copper doesn't burn or emit toxic fumes in a fire. While
modern PEX meets fire codes within walls, some plumbers feel more comfortable
with copper's inherent fire resistance, especially in critical applications or
multi-unit dwellings.
Perceived Water Quality: Some plumbers and homeowners believe copper offers
slightly better water taste and is a more "natural" material. (Note: Modern PEX
is NSF/ANSI 61 certified for safe drinking water contact).
The Verdict: PEX Leads, But Copper Holds Its Ground
For New Construction & Whole-House Repipes: PEX is overwhelmingly the
preferred choice for most plumbers today. Its speed, lower cost, flexibility,
freeze resistance, and corrosion resistance make it the practical and economical
solution for the bulk of residential plumbing.
For Specific Applications & Preferences: Copper retains strong
advocates. Plumbers often choose it for:
Short, exposed runs (like near water heaters or in mechanical rooms).
Areas requiring maximum heat tolerance.
Where local codes or plumber preference favor its rigidity and long-proven
history.
Commercial settings or high-end homes where aesthetics matter for exposed
pipe.
Expert Insight:
"For most jobs, PEX is just faster and easier on my body and my customer's
wallet. Fewer joints mean fewer potential leaks down the road." - Mike,
Residential Service Plumber
"I'll use copper on short runs off the water heater every time. It handles
the heat better and looks professional in the utility room." - Sarah, New
Construction & Remodel Specialist
"The freeze resistance of PEX is a huge advantage in our climate. We've
seen far fewer burst pipe emergencies since PEX became common." - Tom, Plumbing
Company Owner
Who Wins?
It's not a clean knockout. PEX wins on popularity for the majority of
modern plumbing jobs due to its install efficiency and cost. However, copper
remains a trusted, high-performance material with specific, undeniable
advantages that ensure it won't disappear from the plumber's toolbox anytime
soon. The "best" choice often depends on the specific project, budget, local
conditions, and even the individual plumber's experience and comfort level.
When making your decision, always consult with a licensed plumber. They can
assess your specific needs, local water conditions, and building codes to
recommend the optimal piping material for your situation.
FAQ Section (For Google Snippets):
Q: Is PEX better than copper?
A: PEX is often preferred for its lower cost, easier/faster installation,
freeze resistance, and corrosion resistance. Copper is valued for its long
proven track record, rigidity for exposed pipes, and higher heat tolerance.
"Better" depends on the specific application.
Q: Why do plumbers use PEX now?
A: Plumbers favor PEX primarily because it installs much faster (reducing
labor costs), is easier to work with (flexible, lightweight), is generally
cheaper in materials, resists freezing bursts better, and doesn't corrode.
Q: How long does PEX last vs copper?
A: Both are expected to last 40-50+ years when installed correctly. Copper
has a longer proven track record, while PEX's longevity in widespread use is
still being fully confirmed but shows excellent potential.
Q: What are the disadvantages of PEX?
A: PEX cannot be exposed to UV light, requires special fittings/tools, may
be vulnerable to rodent damage (though less common than believed), has a shorter
long-term track record than copper, and has lower maximum temperature
tolerance.
Q: Is copper pipe outdated?
A: No, copper pipe is not outdated. While PEX is more common in new
residential construction, copper is still widely used for specific applications
like exposed runs, high-heat areas, commercial buildings, and by plumbers who
prefer its rigidity and proven history.
